Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl), which belongs to a mono-inorganic strong acid and has a wide range of industrial uses. Hydrochloric acid is a colorless, transparent liquid with a strong pungent odor and high corrosiveness.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid (the mass fraction is about 37%) is extremely volatile, so when the container containing concentrated hydrochloric acid is opened, hydrogen chloride will evaporate and combine with water vapor in the air to produce small droplets of hydrochloric acid, causing acid fog above the bottle mouth.
Hydrochloric acid is the main component of stomach acid, which can promote food digestion and fight off microbial infection.
Product name: hydrochloric acid
Alias: Amiodarone hydrochloride; Amiodarone hydrochlorde
Chemical formula: HCl
Molecular weight: 36.5
CAS: 7647-01-0
EINECS: 231-595-7
Melting point: -27.32℃ (247K, 38% solution)
Boiling point: 110℃ (383K, 20.2% solution); 48℃ (321K, 38% solution)
Water solubility: mixed soluble
Density: 1.18 g/cm3
Appearance: colorless to light yellow clear liquid
Flashing point: non-combustible
Application: extraction of refined salt, etc
Safety description: strong pungent odor, has high corrosiveness
Hazard symbol: corrosion products
Hazard description: corrosive
UN Dangerous Goods Number: 1789
Hydrochloric acid is a colorless liquid (industrial hydrochloric acid will be slightly yellow because of impurity trivalent iron salt), is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, with pungent smell. Because concentrated hydrochloric acid is volatile, the volatile hydrogen chloride gas reacts with water vapor in the air to form small droplets of hydrochloric acid, so you can see the white fog. Hydrochloric acid is miscible with water and ethanol, and hydrogen chloride is soluble in many organic solvents. Concentrated hydrochloric acid will give off heat when diluted.
Data on physical properties of hydrochloric acid with different concentrations at 20℃ :
|
Mass fraction
|
Concentration
|
Density(kg/L)
|
Molarity
|
Hammett acidity function
|
Viscosity
|
Specific heat capacity
|
Vapor pressure
|
Boiling point
|
Melting point
|
|
(g/L)
|
(mol/L)
|
(m·Pa·s)
|
[KJ/(Kg·℃)]
|
(Pa)
|
(℃)
|
(℃)
|
|
10%
|
104.8
|
1.048
|
2.87
|
-0.5
|
1.16
|
3.47
|
0.527
|
103
|
-18
|
|
20%
|
219.6
|
1.098
|
6.02
|
-0.8
|
1.37
|
2.99
|
27.3
|
108
|
-59
|
|
30%
|
344.7
|
1.149
|
9.45
|
-1
|
1.7
|
2.6
|
1410
|
90
|
-52
|
|
32%
|
370.88
|
1.159
|
10.17
|
-1
|
1.8
|
2.55
|
3130
|
84
|
-43
|
|
34%
|
397.46
|
1.169
|
10.9
|
-1
|
1.9
|
2.5
|
6733
|
71
|
-36
|
|
36%
|
424.44
|
1.179
|
11.64
|
-1.1
|
1.99
|
2.46
|
14100
|
61
|
-30
|
|
38%
|
451.82
|
1.189
|
12.39
|
-1.1
|
2.1
|
2.43
|
28000
|
48
|
-26
|
|
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